碧華國小資訊中心

日期：106年3月8日、3月15日、3月22日

地點：新北市教研中心

講師：蔡佳倫老師

三周的課程如下：
—————————————————————-
3/8 第一節課會先講語言的轉換
3/15 第二節講講mblock的積木撰寫
3/22 第三節會講python跟scratch
—————————————————————-

設備使用 Arduino模擬器 和 S2A，不用準備硬體！

課程內容：

Scratch 擴充積木設計：

• Scratch2.0桌面版(離線版)下載
• Scratch Extension – Scratch Wiki
  • Creating Scratch 2.0 Extensions
• BlocklyDesigner 檔案下載
  • 安裝 Python 3.5.2
    • Python 語言及其應用
  • avrdude.exe 是 Arduino 燒錄程式
    • 葉難: 開箱文：AVR ISP燒錄器Adafruit USBtinyISP
  • esptool.exe 是 NodeMCU 燒錄程式
    • Install esptool.exe on Windows
• Scratch Extension URL – 臺中市教育局-數位教學平台
  • 用Python擴充我的Scratch2 — 原理與Hello World篇

教學範例：

base_helper.s2e

---

{

“extensionName": " 自訂積木 “,
“extensionPort": 50000,
“blockSpecs": [
[“r", “資料", “hello"],
[“r", “資料1″, “hello1″],
]

}

---

用Python擴充我的Scratch2 — 原理與Hello World篇

base_helper_py3.py

---

def do_GET(self):

  try:

 """
 process HTTP GET requests
 """

# skip over the first / . example: /poll -> poll 
 cmd = self.path[1:]

 # create a command list . 
 cmd_list = cmd.split('/')
 
 s = "不回傳資料"

 ###### 處理Scratch送出的命令
 ###### 若需回應Scratch的Poll命令，再把文字存在變數s ##
 ##############################################################
 
 crlf = "\r\n"
 if cmd_list[0] == "poll":
 s="hello " + "hello" + crlf
 s+="hello1 " + "hello1" + crlf
 
 #############################################################

except:

s = “不回傳資料"

finally:

self.send_resp(s)

---

Creating Scratch 2.0 Extensions 摘要說明：

Block description

Each block is described by an array with the following fields:

• block type
• block format
• operation or remote variable name
• (optional) zero or more default parameter values

The block type is one of these strings:

• " " – command block
• “w" – command block that waits
• “r" – number reporter block (round ends) ==> 前面有帶一個 checkbox
• “b" – boolean reporter block (pointy ends)
• “R" – Reporters that wait (round ends)

The block format is a string that describes the labels and parameter slots that appear on the block. Parameter slots are indicated by a word starting with “%" and can be one of:

• %n – number parameter (round ends)
• %s – string parameter (square ends)
• %b – boolean parameter (pointy ends)

Menu parameters

Both command and reporter blocks can include menu parameters:

• %m.menuName – menu parameter (not editable)
• %d.menuName – editable number parameter with menu

{ 
  "extensionName": "Kinect",
  "extensionPort": 12345,
  "blockSpecs": [ 
    ["r", "get %m.coordinate position of %m.bodyPart", "position"],
  ], 
  "menus": { 
    "coordinate": ["x", "y", "z"],
    "bodyPart": ["head", "shoulder", "elbow", "hand"],
  },
}

position/y/hand 247 => 回傳值為 247 (鍵、值用空格分隔)

Polling (每秒 30 次)

Scratch to retrieves sensor values and status information from the helper app by sending a poll command:

request: /poll

Here’s an example poll response:

response: 鍵、值用空格分隔，每一筆資料用 crlf (\r\n) 分隔

brightness 75 + crlf (\r\n)
slider 17 + crlf (\r\n)

Commands

/beep                    (command with no parameters)
/setVolume/5   (command with a numeric parameter)

Commands that wait

turn motor on for 3 seconds

turns on the motor, waits three seconds, then turns it off again. When this block is used in a script, execution does not continue to the next block until the command completes. A command that waits is indicated by the “w" block type in the command descriptor.

When a “w" command is invoked, Scratch adds a unique command_id parameter to the request (before any other parameters). For example, for the motor command above Scratch would send:

request:     /motorOn/2437/3

The first parameter, 2437, is a unique identifier for this invocation of the command. For the three seconds that this command takes to complete, the helper app adds a busy line to the poll request:

response:  _busy 2437 …

A busy line consists of the string “_busy" followed by a list of unique identifiers separated by spaces. When Scratch gets a poll result that doesn’t include 2437 in the busy line (or doesn’t even have a busy line), it knows that the command is complete and allows the script that invoked that command to proceed.

Reporters that wait (目前已實作出來) => “R"

temperature in city_name

request:     /getTemperature/7639/Boston

response:  _result 7639 82

Reset command

Scratch extensions can control motors or music synthesizers. Users expect to be able to stop everything — turn off motors, silence music synthesizers, and reset hardware back to it’s original state — by clicking the stop button in the Scratch editor. Thus, when the stop button is clicked, Scratch sends a reset command to all active extensions:

request: /reset_all

---

參考資料與範例：

• ScratchX
• Scratch Extension URL – 臺中市教育局-數位教學平台
  • 用Python擴充我的Scratch2 — 原理與Hello World篇
• Arduino Blog – Scratch extension for Arduino (experimental release)
• 範例程式：https://github.com/jimmyscratchlab/ScratchCoin
• Python 語言及其應用

mBlock 擴充積木設計：

• Create Extensions for mBlock
  • View/Download Guide (PDF)
• Arduino 4×4薄膜鍵盤模組實驗（一）：按鍵掃描程式原理說明
• github-Makeblock-official | mblock

mBlock 積木程式轉Arduino 程式教學：

• 葉難: Arduino練習：以開關切換LED明滅狀態
• mBlock 官方網站 – 用於Arduino/機器人的Scratch分支
  • 一套大陸發展的 S2A 積木程式，可以將 S2A 積木程式轉換成 Arduino 程式。
• Arduino線上電路與程式模擬軟體-123D Circuits
  • Autodesk 123D circuits – rousekimo Tom(蔡佳倫作品集)

範例一：

Autodesk 123D circuits 繪圖

mBlock 積木程式：

Arduino 程式

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

double angle_rad = PI/180.0;
double angle_deg = 180.0/PI;
double switchStatus;

void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600); //改成9600，才能於123D中執行
pinMode(2,INPUT);
}

void loop(){
switchStatus = digitalRead(2);
Serial.println(switchStatus);
_loop();
}

void _delay(float seconds){
long endTime = millis() + seconds * 1000;
while(millis() < endTime)_loop();
}

範例二：

Autodesk 123D circuits 繪圖

mBlock 積木程式：

Arduino 程式

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

double angle_rad = PI/180.0;
double angle_deg = 180.0/PI;
double Button;
double LED;

void setup(){
    Button = 2;
    LED = 12;
    pinMode(Button,INPUT);
    pinMode(LED,OUTPUT);
}

void loop(){
    if(((digitalRead(Button))==(1))){
        digitalWrite(LED,1);
    }else{
        digitalWrite(LED,0);
    }
    _loop();
}

void _delay(float seconds){
    long endTime = millis() + seconds * 1000;
    while(millis() < endTime)_loop();
}

void _loop(){
}

---

參考資料：

• 蔡佳倫 Facebook
• Blockly | Google Developers
• BlocklyDesigner 教學網站
• BlocklyDesigner 教學文件 (Arduino UNO)
• BlocklyDesigner 檔案下載
• ESP8266 ( ESP-01 ) 無線模組燒錄 NodeMCU 韌體 ( Lua 語法支援 )
• NodeMCU 物聯網開發平台
• NodeMCU GitHub
• Wiki : NodeMCU
• 「nodeMCU」的圖片搜尋結果
• JOYSTICK SHIELD V1.A
• Autodesk 123D circuits – rousekimo Tom(蔡佳倫作品集)
• Arduino 官方網站
• mBlock 程式設計 — mBot 機器人 | 碧華國小創客教育中心。
• Arduino、S4A、S2A、Transformer
• Webduino
• WFduino
• Python 語言及其應用

BlocklyDesigner 安裝教學：

蔡佳倫教學影片：

活動照片：