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新北市程式開發社群工作坊-Scratch擴充積木設計(1060308、0315、0322)

日期：106年3月8日、3月15日、3月22日

地點：新北市教研中心

講師：蔡佳倫老師

三周的課程如下：
—————————————————————-
3/8 第一節課會先講語言的轉換
3/15 第二節講講mblock的積木撰寫
3/22 第三節會講python跟scratch
—————————————————————-

設備使用 Arduino模擬器 和 S2A，不用準備硬體！

課程內容：

Scratch 擴充積木設計：

教學範例：

base_helper.s2e

{

“extensionName": " 自訂積木 “,
“extensionPort": 50000,
“blockSpecs": [
[“r", “資料", “hello"],
[“r", “資料1″, “hello1″],
]

}

用Python擴充我的Scratch2 — 原理與Hello World篇

base_helper_py3.py

def do_GET(self):

  try:

 """
 process HTTP GET requests
 """
# skip over the first / . example: /poll -> poll 
 cmd = self.path[1:]
 # create a command list . 
 cmd_list = cmd.split('/')
 
 s = "不回傳資料"
 ###### 處理Scratch送出的命令
 ###### 若需回應Scratch的Poll命令，再把文字存在變數s ##
 ##############################################################
 
 crlf = "\r\n"
 if cmd_list[0] == "poll":
 s="hello " + "hello" + crlf
 s+="hello1 " + "hello1" + crlf
 
 #############################################################

except:

s = “不回傳資料"

finally:

self.send_resp(s)

Creating Scratch 2.0 Extensions 摘要說明：

Block description

Each block is described by an array with the following fields:

  • block type
  • block format
  • operation or remote variable name
  • (optional) zero or more default parameter values

The block type is one of these strings:

  • " " – command block
  • “w" – command block that waits
  • “r" – number reporter block (round ends) ==> 前面有帶一個 checkbox
  • “b" – boolean reporter block (pointy ends)
  • “R" – Reporters that wait (round ends)

The block format is a string that describes the labels and parameter slots that appear on the block. Parameter slots are indicated by a word starting with “%" and can be one of:

  • %n – number parameter (round ends)
  • %s – string parameter (square ends)
  • %b – boolean parameter (pointy ends)

Menu parameters

Both command and reporter blocks can include menu parameters:

  • %m.menuName – menu parameter (not editable)
  • %d.menuName – editable number parameter with menu
{ 
  "extensionName": "Kinect",
  "extensionPort": 12345,
  "blockSpecs": [ 
    ["r", "get %m.coordinate position of %m.bodyPart", "position"],
  ], 
  "menus": { 
    "coordinate": ["x", "y", "z"],
    "bodyPart": ["head", "shoulder", "elbow", "hand"],
  },
}

position/y/hand 247 => 回傳值為 247 (鍵、值用空格分隔)

Polling (每秒 30 次)

Scratch to retrieves sensor values and status information from the helper app by sending a poll command:

request: /poll

Here’s an example poll response:

response: 鍵、值用空格分隔，每一筆資料用 crlf (\r\n) 分隔

brightness 75 + crlf (\r\n)
slider 17 + crlf (\r\n)

Commands

/beep                    (command with no parameters)
/setVolume/5   (command with a numeric parameter)

Commands that wait

turn motor on for 3 seconds

turns on the motor, waits three seconds, then turns it off again. When this block is used in a script, execution does not continue to the next block until the command completes. A command that waits is indicated by the “w" block type in the command descriptor.

When a “w" command is invoked, Scratch adds a unique command_id parameter to the request (before any other parameters). For example, for the motor command above Scratch would send:

request:     /motorOn/2437/3

The first parameter, 2437, is a unique identifier for this invocation of the command. For the three seconds that this command takes to complete, the helper app adds a busy line to the poll request:

response:  _busy 2437 …

A busy line consists of the string “_busy" followed by a list of unique identifiers separated by spaces. When Scratch gets a poll result that doesn’t include 2437 in the busy line (or doesn’t even have a busy line), it knows that the command is complete and allows the script that invoked that command to proceed.

Reporters that wait (目前已實作出來) => “R"

temperature in city_name

request:     /getTemperature/7639/Boston

response:  _result 7639 82

Reset command

Scratch extensions can control motors or music synthesizers. Users expect to be able to stop everything — turn off motors, silence music synthesizers, and reset hardware back to it’s original state — by clicking the stop button in the Scratch editor. Thus, when the stop button is clicked, Scratch sends a reset command to all active extensions:

request: /reset_all

參考資料與範例：

mBlock 擴充積木設計：

mBlock 積木程式轉Arduino 程式教學：

範例一：

Autodesk 123D circuits 繪圖

mBlock 積木程式：

Arduino 程式

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

double angle_rad = PI/180.0;
double angle_deg = 180.0/PI;
double switchStatus;

void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600); //改成9600，才能於123D中執行
pinMode(2,INPUT);
}

void loop(){
switchStatus = digitalRead(2);
Serial.println(switchStatus);
_loop();
}

void _delay(float seconds){
long endTime = millis() + seconds * 1000;
while(millis() < endTime)_loop();
}

範例二：

Autodesk 123D circuits 繪圖

mBlock 積木程式：

Arduino 程式

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

double angle_rad = PI/180.0;
double angle_deg = 180.0/PI;
double Button;
double LED;

void setup(){
    Button = 2;
    LED = 12;
    pinMode(Button,INPUT);
    pinMode(LED,OUTPUT);
}

void loop(){
    if(((digitalRead(Button))==(1))){
        digitalWrite(LED,1);
    }else{
        digitalWrite(LED,0);
    }
    _loop();
}

void _delay(float seconds){
    long endTime = millis() + seconds * 1000;
    while(millis() < endTime)_loop();
}

void _loop(){
}

參考資料：

BlocklyDesigner 安裝教學：

蔡佳倫教學影片：

活動照片：

8 三月, 2017 | Category: 程式教育, 程式教育會議, 程式教育研習

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